Certification for IRB Professionals (CIP) Practice Exam

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What is a longitudinal study?

A study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time
A study that gathers data from multiple groups at one point in time
A random sampling of participants from various populations
A comparison of different study methods in research

The correct answer is: A study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time

A longitudinal study is characterized by its focus on observing the same participants repeatedly over an extended time period. This design allows researchers to monitor changes and developments within the same individuals, providing valuable insights into patterns over time. By collecting data at various intervals, researchers can identify trends, causal relationships, and the long-term effects of certain variables or interventions. In contrast to cross-sectional studies, which collect data from different subjects at a single point in time, longitudinal studies offer a dynamic view of the same group, leading to a more robust understanding of how certain factors may influence the participants over time. This is particularly useful in fields such as psychology, medicine, and social sciences, where the effects of time can be significant.